网络爬虫学习（十二）

之前(https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_44526949/article/details/86738980)学习了Selenium模块的使用，这个模块，我们知道是用来驱动浏览器来完成一些操作，比如元素的交互，页面的跳转等等。那么从这篇之后，会进行一些实际的爬虫项目。首先，我们来完成一个电影网站的爬虫项目。这个电影网站是一个猫眼电影网站(https://maoyan.com)。我们所要做的就是爬取这个网站的榜单内容的TOP100(https://maoyan.com/board/4)。

首先，我们来进行下网页的代码分析：

我们可以通过"检查"来查看不同的网页内容所对应的代码，然后通过对代码的分析，来进行对应内容的爬取。

整个流程框架如下：

1、抓取单页内容：利用requests请求目标站点，得到单个网页的HTML代码，返回结果。

2、正则表达式分析：根据HTML代码分析得到电影的名称、主演、上映时间、评分、图片链接等信息。

3、保存至文件：通过文件的形式将结果保存，每一部电影一个结果一行Json字符串。

4、开启循环及多线程：对多页内容遍历，开启多线程提高抓取速度。

在开始爬取时，由于我们要爬取top100，这显然需要跨页获取，因此，首先，先完成一个页面的爬取，成功爬取之后，我们可以通过观察网页的url规律，来掌握从一个页面跳转到同类型的另一个页面，它的url如何变化，一般都是在当前页的url后面稍微做了点改变，很容易捕捉到规律，进而使用循环来遍历所有的指定内容的页面即可，最后将我们爬取到的结果保存起来，可以保存到本地文件，也可以保存到数据库，供我们以后使用。

了解了整个环节后，开始完成这个项目。

首先建议一个项目文件夹，取名为Maoyantop100，然后在该文件夹下，编写我们的一个模块spider.py。内容如下：

import requests
from requests.exceptions import RequestException
import re
import json
# 获取目标url的单个的页面
def get_one_page(url):try:response = requests.get(url)if response.status_code == 200:return response.textreturn Noneexcept RequestException:return None
# 对网页内容进行解析
def parse_one_page(html):pattern = re.compile('<dd>.*?board-index.*?>(\d+)</i>.*?data-src="(.*?)".*?name"><a'+'.*?>(.*?)</a>.*?star">(.*?)</p>.*?releasetime">(.*?)</p>'+'.*?integer">(.*?)</i>.*?fraction">(.*?)</i>.*?</dd>', re.S)items = re.findall(pattern, html)#print(items)for item in items:yield {'index': item[0],'image': item[1],'title': item[2],'actor': item[3].strip()[3:],'time': item[4].strip()[5:],'score': item[5] + item[6]}def write_to_file(content):with open("result.txt", 'a', encoding='utf-8') as f:f.write(json.dumps(content, ensure_ascii=False) + "\n")f.close()def main(offset):url = 'https://maoyan.com/board/4?offset=' + str(offset)html = get_one_page(url)#print(html)#parse_one_page(html)"""for item in parse_one_page(html):print(item)"""for item in parse_one_page(html):write_to_file(item)if __name__ == "__main__":for i in range(10):main(i*10)

运行程序后，在我们的保存模块中，将结果写入到了一个文件中，文件内容如下所示：

{"index": "1", "image": "https://p1.meituan.net/movie/20803f59291c47e1e116c11963ce019e68711.jpg@160w_220h_1e_1c", "title": "霸王别姬", "actor": "张国荣,张丰毅,巩俐", "time": "1993-01-01", "score": "9.6"}
{"index": "2", "image": "https://p0.meituan.net/movie/283292171619cdfd5b240c8fd093f1eb255670.jpg@160w_220h_1e_1c", "title": "肖申克的救赎", "actor": "蒂姆·罗宾斯,摩根·弗里曼,鲍勃·冈顿", "time": "1994-10-14(美国)", "score": "9.5"}
{"index": "3", "image": "https://p0.meituan.net/movie/54617769d96807e4d81804284ffe2a27239007.jpg@160w_220h_1e_1c", "title": "罗马假日", "actor": "格利高里·派克,奥黛丽·赫本,埃迪·艾伯特", "time": "1953-09-02(美国)", "score": "9.1"}
{"index": "4", "image": "https://p0.meituan.net/movie/e55ec5d18ccc83ba7db68caae54f165f95924.jpg@160w_220h_1e_1c", "title": "这个杀手不太冷", "actor": "让·雷诺,加里·奥德曼,娜塔莉·波特曼", "time": "1994-09-14(法国)", "score": "9.5"}
{"index": "5", "image": "https://p1.meituan.net/movie/0699ac97c82cf01638aa5023562d6134351277.jpg@160w_220h_1e_1c", "title": "泰坦尼克号", "actor": "莱昂纳多·迪卡普里奥,凯特·温丝莱特,比利·赞恩", "time": "1998-04-03", "score": "9.6"}
{"index": "6", "image": "https://p1.meituan.net/movie/f5a924f362f050881f2b8f82e852747c118515.jpg@160w_220h_1e_1c", "title": "教父", "actor": "马龙·白兰度,阿尔·帕西诺,詹姆斯·肯恩", "time": "1972-03-24(美国)", "score": "9.3"}
{"index": "7", "image": "https://p0.meituan.net/movie/da64660f82b98cdc1b8a3804e69609e041108.jpg@160w_220h_1e_1c", "title": "唐伯虎点秋香", "actor": "周星驰,巩俐,郑佩佩", "time": "1993-07-01(中国香港)", "score": "9.2"}
{"index": "8", "image": "https://p0.meituan.net/movie/b076ce63e9860ecf1ee9839badee5228329384.jpg@160w_220h_1e_1c", "title": "千与千寻", "actor": "柊瑠美,入野自由,夏木真理", "time": "2001-07-20(日本)", "score": "9.3"}
{"index": "9", "image": "https://p0.meituan.net/movie/46c29a8b8d8424bdda7715e6fd779c66235684.jpg@160w_220h_1e_1c", "title": "魂断蓝桥", "actor": "费雯·丽,罗伯特·泰勒,露塞尔·沃特森", "time": "1940-05-17(美国)", "score": "9.2"}
{"index": "10", "image": "https://p0.meituan.net/movie/230e71d398e0c54730d58dc4bb6e4cca51662.jpg@160w_220h_1e_1c", "title": "乱世佳人", "actor": "费雯·丽,克拉克·盖博,奥利维娅·德哈维兰", "time": "1939-12-15(美国)", "score": "9.1"}
{"index": "11", "image": "https://p1.meituan.net/movie/ba1ed511668402605ed369350ab779d6319397.jpg@160w_220h_1e_1c", "title": "天空之城", "actor": "寺田农,鹫尾真知子,龟山助清", "time": "1992", "score": "9.1"}
{"index": "12", "image": "https://p1.meituan.net/movie/18e3191039d5e71562477659301f04aa61905.jpg@160w_220h_1e_1c", "title": "喜剧之王", "actor": "周星驰,莫文蔚,张柏芝", "time": "1999-02-13(中国香港)", "score": "9.2"}
{"index": "13", "image": "https://p1.meituan.net/movie/39ed7a0941a3604bba78d299b11a18ce119679.jpg@160w_220h_1e_1c", "title": "辛德勒的名单", "actor": "连姆·尼森,拉尔夫·费因斯,本·金斯利", "time": "1993-12-15(美国)", "score": "9.2"}
{"index": "14", "image": "https://p1.meituan.net/movie/14a7b337e8063e3ce05a5993ed80176b74208.jpg@160w_220h_1e_1c", "title": "大闹天宫", "actor": "邱岳峰,毕克,富润生", "time": "1965-12-31", "score": "9.0"}
{"index": "15", "image": "https://p1.meituan.net/movie/6bc004d57358ee6875faa5e9a1239140128550.jpg@160w_220h_1e_1c", "title": "音乐之声", "actor": "朱莉·安德鲁斯,克里斯托弗·普卢默,埃琳诺·帕克", "time": "1965-03-02(美国)", "score": "9.0"}
{"index": "16", "image": "https://p1.meituan.net/movie/0e91ffcfa7e53449216cc29ee8af513a75791.jpg@160w_220h_1e_1c", "title": "剪刀手爱德华", "actor": "约翰尼·德普,薇诺娜·瑞德,黛安·韦斯特", "time": "1990-12-06(美国)", "score": "8.8"}
{"index": "17", "image": "https://p0.meituan.net/movie/ae7245920d95c03765fe1615f3a1fe3865785.jpg@160w_220h_1e_1c", "title": "春光乍泄", "actor": "张国荣,梁朝伟,张震", "time": "1997-05-30(中国香港)", "score": "9.2"}
{"index": "18", "image": "https://p0.meituan.net/movie/43d259ecbcd53e8bbe902632772281d6327525.jpg@160w_220h_1e_1c", "title": "美丽人生", "actor": "罗伯托·贝尼尼,尼可莱塔·布拉斯基,乔治·坎塔里尼", "time": "1997-12-20(意大利)", "score": "9.3"}
{"index": "19", "image": "https://p1.meituan.net/movie/c15b7623cce2f51c75562a3baefe507b68290.jpg@160w_220h_1e_1c", "title": "海上钢琴师", "actor": "蒂姆·罗斯,普路特·泰勒·文斯,比尔·努恩", "time": "1998-10-28(意大利)", "score": "9.2"}
{"index": "20", "image": "https://p1.meituan.net/movie/d981a12f59d3cc92ff666094404ad8f0211220.jpg@160w_220h_1e_1c", "title": "黑客帝国", "actor": "基努·里维斯,凯瑞-安·莫斯,劳伦斯·菲什伯恩", "time": "2000-01-14", "score": "9.0"}
{"index": "21", "image": "https://p1.meituan.net/movie/aacb9ed2a6601bfe515ef0970add1715623792.jpg@160w_220h_1e_1c", "title": "哈利·波特与魔法石", "actor": "丹尼尔·雷德克里夫,鲁伯特·格林特,艾玛·沃特森", "time": "2002-01-26", "score": "9.1"}
{"index": "22", "image": "https://p1.meituan.net/movie/b449893ebc63d5c54eb4a5b60341f334383831.jpg@160w_220h_1e_1c", "title": "加勒比海盗", "actor": "约翰尼·德普,凯拉·奈特莉,奥兰多·布鲁姆", "time": "2003-11-21", "score": "8.9"}
{"index": "23", "image": "https://p0.meituan.net/movie/932bdfbef5be3543e6b136246aeb99b8123736.jpg@160w_220h_1e_1c", "title": "指环王3：王者无敌", "actor": "伊莱贾·伍德,伊恩·麦克莱恩,丽芙·泰勒", "time": "2004-03-15", "score": "9.2"}
{"index": "24", "image": "https://p1.meituan.net/movie/53b6f0b66882a53b08896c92076515a8236400.jpg@160w_220h_1e_1c", "title": "射雕英雄传之东成西就", "actor": "张国荣,梁朝伟,张学友", "time": "1993-02-05(中国香港)", "score": "8.9"}
{"index": "25", "image": "https://p1.meituan.net/movie/0d93b5b585ce29c6688e43f3989fb41f86421.jpg@160w_220h_1e_1c", "title": "无间道", "actor": "刘德华,梁朝伟,黄秋生", "time": "2003-09-05", "score": "9.1"}
{"index": "26", "image": "https://p0.meituan.net/movie/8959888ee0c399b0fe53a714bc8a5a17460048.jpg@160w_220h_1e_1c", "title": "楚门的世界", "actor": "金·凯瑞,劳拉·琳妮,诺亚·艾默里奇", "time": "1998-06-01(美国)", "score": "8.9"}
{"index": "27", "image": "https://p0.meituan.net/movie/d12a1c198ad9ffac72b5db57feacb449294699.jpg@160w_220h_1e_1c", "title": "蝙蝠侠：黑暗骑士", "actor": "克里斯蒂安·贝尔,希斯·莱杰,阿伦·伊克哈特", "time": "2008-07-18(美国)", "score": "9.3"}
{"index": "28", "image": "https://p1.meituan.net/movie/7bac8bfa6739c18620065132ce9c64fa85110.jpg@160w_220h_1e_1c", "title": "教父2", "actor": "阿尔·帕西诺,罗伯特·德尼罗,黛安·基顿", "time": "1974-12-12(美国)", "score": "9.0"}
{"index": "29", "image": "https://p0.meituan.net/movie/5cfa597a98b35ee4ee598695942641ba287922.jpg@160w_220h_1e_1c", "title": "指环王2：双塔奇兵", "actor": "伊莱贾·伍德,伊恩·麦克莱恩,丽芙·泰勒", "time": "2003-04-25", "score": "9.1"}
{"index": "30", "image": "https://p1.meituan.net/movie/4592eef6b6dffcd1d950f55f41ab098f239816.jpg@160w_220h_1e_1c", "title": "机器人总动员", "actor": "本·贝尔特,艾丽莎·奈特,杰夫·格尔林", "time": "2008-06-27(美国)", "score": "9.3"}
{"index": "31", "image": "https://p1.meituan.net/movie/618e57ddb3173de6bbf2e278946b11f279679.jpg@160w_220h_1e_1c", "title": "天堂电影院", "actor": "菲利浦·诺瓦雷,赛尔乔·卡斯特利托,蒂兹亚娜·罗达托", "time": "1988-11-17(意大利)", "score": "9.2"}
{"index": "32", "image": "https://p0.meituan.net/movie/4c41068ef7608c1d4fbfbe6016e589f7204391.jpg@160w_220h_1e_1c", "title": "活着", "actor": "葛优,巩俐,牛犇", "time": "1994-05-18(法国)", "score": "9.0"}
{"index": "33", "image": "https://p1.meituan.net/movie/779bcc212a50a2526343362778f6b63c334618.jpg@160w_220h_1e_1c", "title": "拯救大兵瑞恩", "actor": "汤姆·汉克斯,马特·达蒙,汤姆·塞兹摩尔", "time": "1998-07-24(美国)", "score": "8.9"}
{"index": "34", "image": "https://p0.meituan.net/movie/0127b451d5b8f0679c6f81c8ed414bb2432442.jpg@160w_220h_1e_1c", "title": "哈尔的移动城堡", "actor": "倍赏千惠子,木村拓哉,美轮明宏", "time": "2004-11-20(日本)", "score": "9.0"}
{"index": "35", "image": "https://p1.meituan.net/movie/91f575ec93f019f428d1f33e3ceca7c5115495.jpg@160w_220h_1e_1c", "title": "阿凡达", "actor": "萨姆·沃辛顿,佐伊·索尔达娜,米歇尔·罗德里格兹", "time": "2010-01-04", "score": "9.1"}
{"index": "36", "image": "https://p1.meituan.net/movie/2f344a9f9575edbcae9f0abe0578bc90339773.jpg@160w_220h_1e_1c", "title": "盗梦空间", "actor": "莱昂纳多·迪卡普里奥,渡边谦,约瑟夫·高登-莱维特", "time": "2010-09-01", "score": "9.2"}
{"index": "37", "image": "https://p0.meituan.net/movie/7787c10ad5e95b03cf83ef9473500d8e282796.jpg@160w_220h_1e_1c", "title": "忠犬八公的故事", "actor": "Forest,理查·基尔,琼·艾伦", "time": "2010-03-12(英国)", "score": "9.3"}
{"index": "38", "image": "https://p0.meituan.net/movie/6ab1882a217e848acceb240365043d53329196.jpg@160w_220h_1e_1c", "title": "幽灵公主", "actor": "松田洋治,石田百合子,田中裕子", "time": "1997-07-12(日本)", "score": "8.9"}
{"index": "39", "image": "https://p1.meituan.net/movie/c5e76795bf7a78b12a2ffabb4a0c5c11112921.jpg@160w_220h_1e_1c", "title": "搏击俱乐部", "actor": "爱德华·哈里森·诺顿,布拉德·皮特,海伦娜·伯翰·卡特", "time": "1999-10-15(美国)", "score": "8.8"}
{"index": "40", "image": "https://p1.meituan.net/movie/7e471a9171a410ebc9413b2f1de67afc130067.jpg@160w_220h_1e_1c", "title": "东邪西毒", "actor": "张国荣,梁朝伟,刘嘉玲", "time": "1994-09-17", "score": "8.8"}
{"index": "41", "image": "https://p0.meituan.net/movie/4f9638ba234c3fb673f23a09968db875371576.jpg@160w_220h_1e_1c", "title": "风之谷", "actor": "岛本须美,永井一郎,坂本千夏", "time": "1992", "score": "8.9"}
{"index": "42", "image": "https://p1.meituan.net/movie/d5e5e53ef9bbd98223e83df261b51b84103223.jpg@160w_220h_1e_1c", "title": "疯狂原始人", "actor": "尼古拉斯·凯奇,艾玛·斯通,瑞安·雷诺兹", "time": "2013-04-20", "score": "9.5"}
{"index": "43", "image": "https://p1.meituan.net/movie/5896de3c1474277730e321c9b1db04a9205644.jpg@160w_220h_1e_1c", "title": "当幸福来敲门", "actor": "威尔·史密斯,贾登·史密斯,坦迪·牛顿", "time": "2008-01-17", "score": "8.9"}
{"index": "44", "image": "https://p0.meituan.net/movie/df15efd261060d3094a73ef679888d4f238149.jpg@160w_220h_1e_1c", "title": "十二怒汉", "actor": "亨利·方达,李·科布,马丁·鲍尔萨姆", "time": "1957-04-13(美国)", "score": "9.1"}
{"index": "45", "image": "https://p1.meituan.net/movie/4a4c84aa103ab47202f1aa907c5542a4128882.jpg@160w_220h_1e_1c", "title": "V字仇杀队", "actor": "娜塔莉·波特曼,雨果·维文,斯蒂芬·瑞", "time": "2006-03-17(美国)", "score": "8.8"}
{"index": "46", "image": "https://p0.meituan.net/movie/7cd18fcf0b4f9180500124711e81492994030.jpg@160w_220h_1e_1c", "title": "放牛班的春天", "actor": "热拉尔·朱尼奥,让-巴蒂斯特·莫尼耶,玛丽·布奈尔", "time": "2004-10-16", "score": "8.8"}
{"index": "47", "image": "https://p0.meituan.net/movie/4bb144bc0a674ba6908349018fd092e6330929.jpg@160w_220h_1e_1c", "title": "三傻大闹宝莱坞", "actor": "阿米尔·汗,黄渤,卡琳娜·卡普", "time": "2011-12-08", "score": "9.1"}
{"index": "48", "image": "https://p1.meituan.net/movie/f8e9d5a90224746d15dfdbd53d4fae3d209420.jpg@160w_220h_1e_1c", "title": "勇敢的心", "actor": "梅尔·吉布森,苏菲·玛索,帕特里克·麦高汉", "time": "1995-05-24(美国)", "score": "8.8"}
{"index": "49", "image": "https://p1.meituan.net/movie/5ca6ffcbb994a51cd6215e7c4fff2d9b71039.jpg@160w_220h_1e_1c", "title": "黑客帝国3：矩阵革命", "actor": "基努·里维斯,雨果·维文,凯瑞-安·莫斯", "time": "2003-11-05", "score": "8.8"}
{"index": "50", "image": "https://p1.meituan.net/movie/1d0fa86bcf7a44484b9c16ac6af5be68191952.jpg@160w_220h_1e_1c", "title": "速度与激情5", "actor": "范·迪塞尔,保罗·沃克,道恩·强森", "time": "2011-05-12", "score": "9.2"}
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结果的每一行都是一个字典类型，这样我们就得到了top100d的电影信息，本期的的难点在于正则表达式的构造，在进行匹配时，最好使用非贪婪模式，而且将我们需要获取到的内容用()的形式括起来，这样便能够得到我们想要的内容。