如何获得一个MySQL 5.7 社区版数据库

已有一个OCI计算实例，Oracle Linux 7.9，1OCPU，16G内存：

$ cat /etc/redhat-release
Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 7.9 (Maipo)$ lscpu
Architecture:          x86_64
CPU op-mode(s):        32-bit, 64-bit
Byte Order:            Little Endian
CPU(s):                2
On-line CPU(s) list:   0,1
Thread(s) per core:    2
Core(s) per socket:    1
Socket(s):             1
NUMA node(s):          1
Vendor ID:             AuthenticAMD
CPU family:            25
Model:                 1
Model name:            AMD EPYC 7J13 64-Core Processor
Stepping:              1
CPU MHz:               2445.406
BogoMIPS:              4890.81
Virtualization:        AMD-V
Hypervisor vendor:     KVM
Virtualization type:   full
L1d cache:             64K
L1i cache:             64K
L2 cache:              512K
L3 cache:              16384K
NUMA node0 CPU(s):     0,1
Flags:                 fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush mmx fxsr sse sse2 ht syscall nx mmxext fxsr_opt pdpe1gb rdtscp lm rep_good nopl cpuid extd_apicid tsc_known_freq pni pclmulqdq ssse3 fma cx16 pcid sse4_1 sse4_2 x2apic movbe popcnt tsc_deadline_timer aes xsave avx f16c rdrand hypervisor lahf_lm cmp_legacy svm cr8_legacy abm sse4a misalignsse 3dnowprefetch osvw topoext perfctr_core invpcid_single ssbd ibrs ibpb stibp vmmcall fsgsbase tsc_adjust bmi1 avx2 smep bmi2 erms invpcid rdseed adx smap clflushopt clwb sha_ni xsaveopt xsavec xgetbv1 xsaves nt_good clzero xsaveerptr wbnoinvd arat npt nrip_save umip pku ospke vaes vpclmulqdq rdpid fsrm arch_capabilities$ free -gtotal        used        free      shared  buff/cache   available
Mem:             15           0          14           0           0          14

从这里获取对应Linux版本的repo文件，并安装：

curl -O https://repo.mysql.com/mysql57-community-release-el7-9.noarch.rpm
sudo yum localinstall mysql57-community-release-el7-9.noarch.rpm

查看repo，5.7的已经启用了：

$ yum repolist enabled | grep -i mysql
mysql-connectors-community/x86_64       MySQL Connectors Community           258
mysql-tools-community/x86_64            MySQL Tools Community                108
mysql57-community/x86_64                MySQL 5.7 Community Server           696
ol7_MySQL80/x86_64                      MySQL 8.0 for Oracle Linux 7 (x86    500
ol7_MySQL80_connectors_community/x86_64 MySQL 8.0 Connectors Community fo    111
ol7_MySQL80_tools_community/x86_64      MySQL 8.0 Tools Community for Ora     46

但是但是，MYSQL80的也启用了，我们需要禁止他，否则会安装8.0版本的。

sudo yum-config-manager --disable ol7_MySQL80
sudo yum-config-manager --disable ol7_MySQL80_connectors_community --disable ol7_MySQL80_tools_community

发现已经安装了一些：

$ yum list installed |grep -i mysql
mysql-community-client-plugins.x86_64 8.0.37-1.el7               @ol7_MySQL80
mysql-community-common.x86_64         8.0.37-1.el7               @ol7_MySQL80
mysql-community-libs.x86_64           8.0.37-1.el7               @ol7_MySQL80
mysql-community-libs-compat.x86_64    8.0.37-1.el7               @ol7_MySQL80
mysql-release-el7.x86_64              1.0-5.el7                  @ol7_latest

卸载：

$ sudo yum remove mysql-community-client-plugins
$ sudo yum remove mysql-community-common

此时：

$ yum list installed |grep -i mysql
mysql-release-el7.x86_64            1.0-5.el7                  @ol7_latest
mysql57-community-release.noarch    el7-9                      @/mysql57-community-release-el7-9.noarch

安装MySQL Server：

$ sudo yum install mysql-community-server
Loaded plugins: langpacks, ulninfo
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package mysql-community-server.x86_64 0:5.7.44-1.el7 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: mysql-community-common(x86-64) = 5.7.44-1.el7 for package: mysql-community-server-5.7.44-1.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: mysql-community-client(x86-64) >= 5.7.9 for package: mysql-community-server-5.7.44-1.el7.x86_64
--> Running transaction check
---> Package mysql-community-client.x86_64 0:5.7.44-1.el7 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: mysql-community-libs(x86-64) >= 5.7.9 for package: mysql-community-client-5.7.44-1.el7.x86_64
---> Package mysql-community-common.x86_64 0:5.7.44-1.el7 will be installed
--> Running transaction check
---> Package mysql-community-libs.x86_64 0:5.7.44-1.el7 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency ResolutionDependencies Resolved==============================================================================================================================================================================================Package                                              Arch                                 Version                                      Repository                                       Size
==============================================================================================================================================================================================
Installing:mysql-community-server                               x86_64                               5.7.44-1.el7                                 mysql57-community                               184 M
Installing for dependencies:mysql-community-client                               x86_64                               5.7.44-1.el7                                 mysql57-community                                31 Mmysql-community-common                               x86_64                               5.7.44-1.el7                                 mysql57-community                               313 kmysql-community-libs                                 x86_64                               5.7.44-1.el7                                 mysql57-community                               3.0 MTransaction Summary
==============================================================================================================================================================================================
Install  1 Package (+3 Dependent packages)Total download size: 219 M
Installed size: 930 M
Is this ok [y/d/N]: y
Downloading packages:
warning: /var/cache/yum/x86_64/7Server/mysql57-community/packages/mysql-community-common-5.7.44-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V4 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID 3a79bd29: NOKEY
Public key for mysql-community-common-5.7.44-1.el7.x86_64.rpm is not installed
(1/4): mysql-community-common-5.7.44-1.el7.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                                  | 313 kB  00:00:00
(2/4): mysql-community-libs-5.7.44-1.el7.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                                    | 3.0 MB  00:00:00
(3/4): mysql-community-client-5.7.44-1.el7.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                                  |  31 MB  00:00:00
(4/4): mysql-community-server-5.7.44-1.el7.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                                  | 184 MB  00:00:01
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total                                                                                                                                                         132 MB/s | 219 MB  00:00:01
Retrieving key from file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql
Importing GPG key 0x5072E1F5:Userid     : "MySQL Release Engineering <mysql-build@oss.oracle.com>"Fingerprint: a4a9 4068 76fc bd3c 4567 70c8 8c71 8d3b 5072 e1f5Package    : mysql57-community-release-el7-9.noarch (@/mysql57-community-release-el7-9.noarch)From       : /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql
Is this ok [y/N]: yPublic key for mysql-community-server-5.7.44-1.el7.x86_64.rpm is not installedFailing package is: mysql-community-server-5.7.44-1.el7.x86_64GPG Keys are configured as: file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql

出错了，错误为：

Public key for mysql-community-server-5.7.44-1.el7.x86_64.rpm is not installed

那就导入key：

$ sudo rpm --import https://repo.mysql.com/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql-2022

其实有3个RPM GPG KEY，试过2023不行，才使用2022的：
在这里插入图片描述

再次安装，这回成功了：

$ sudo yum install mysql-community-server
Loaded plugins: langpacks, ulninfo
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package mysql-community-server.x86_64 0:5.7.44-1.el7 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: mysql-community-common(x86-64) = 5.7.44-1.el7 for package: mysql-community-server-5.7.44-1.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: mysql-community-client(x86-64) >= 5.7.9 for package: mysql-community-server-5.7.44-1.el7.x86_64
--> Running transaction check
---> Package mysql-community-client.x86_64 0:5.7.44-1.el7 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: mysql-community-libs(x86-64) >= 5.7.9 for package: mysql-community-client-5.7.44-1.el7.x86_64
---> Package mysql-community-common.x86_64 0:5.7.44-1.el7 will be installed
--> Running transaction check
---> Package mysql-community-libs.x86_64 0:5.7.44-1.el7 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency ResolutionDependencies Resolved==============================================================================================================================================================================================Package                                              Arch                                 Version                                      Repository                                       Size
==============================================================================================================================================================================================
Installing:mysql-community-server                               x86_64                               5.7.44-1.el7                                 mysql57-community                               184 M
Installing for dependencies:mysql-community-client                               x86_64                               5.7.44-1.el7                                 mysql57-community                                31 Mmysql-community-common                               x86_64                               5.7.44-1.el7                                 mysql57-community                               313 kmysql-community-libs                                 x86_64                               5.7.44-1.el7                                 mysql57-community                               3.0 MTransaction Summary
==============================================================================================================================================================================================
Install  1 Package (+3 Dependent packages)Total size: 219 M
Installed size: 930 M
Is this ok [y/d/N]: y
Downloading packages:
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
Warning: RPMDB altered outside of yum.Installing : mysql-community-common-5.7.44-1.el7.x86_64                                                                                                                                 1/4Installing : mysql-community-libs-5.7.44-1.el7.x86_64                                                                                                                                   2/4Installing : mysql-community-client-5.7.44-1.el7.x86_64                                                                                                                                 3/4Installing : mysql-community-server-5.7.44-1.el7.x86_64                                                                                                                                 4/4Verifying  : mysql-community-server-5.7.44-1.el7.x86_64                                                                                                                                 1/4Verifying  : mysql-community-client-5.7.44-1.el7.x86_64                                                                                                                                 2/4Verifying  : mysql-community-libs-5.7.44-1.el7.x86_64                                                                                                                                   3/4Verifying  : mysql-community-common-5.7.44-1.el7.x86_64                                                                                                                                 4/4Installed:mysql-community-server.x86_64 0:5.7.44-1.el7Dependency Installed:mysql-community-client.x86_64 0:5.7.44-1.el7                   mysql-community-common.x86_64 0:5.7.44-1.el7                   mysql-community-libs.x86_64 0:5.7.44-1.el7Complete!

这回版本对了：

$ mysql --version
mysql  Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.7.44, for Linux (x86_64) using  EditLine wrapper

启动MySQL：

$ sudo service mysqld start
Redirecting to /bin/systemctl start mysqld.service$ sudo service mysqld status
Redirecting to /bin/systemctl status mysqld.service
● mysqld.service - MySQL ServerLoaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)Active: active (running) since Fri 2024-07-26 09:09:16 GMT; 2s agoDocs: man:mysqld(8)http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.htmlProcess: 15192 ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/mysqld_pre_systemd (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)Main PID: 15265 (mysqld)Status: "Server is operational"Tasks: 38Memory: 453.6MCGroup: /system.slice/mysqld.service└─15265 /usr/sbin/mysqldJul 26 09:09:09 instance-20240726-1658-mysql5-7 systemd[1]: Starting MySQL Server...
Jul 26 09:09:16 instance-20240726-1658-mysql5-7 systemd[1]: Started MySQL Server.

查看监听端口：

$ netstat -a|grep -i mysql
tcp6       0      0 [::]:mysql              [::]:*                  LISTEN
unix  2      [ ACC ]     STREAM     LISTENING     57530    /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock$ grep mysql /etc/services
mysql           3306/tcp                        # MySQL
mysql           3306/udp                        # MySQL
mysql-cluster   1186/tcp                # MySQL Cluster Manager
mysql-cluster   1186/udp                # MySQL Cluster Manager
mysql-cm-agent  1862/tcp                # MySQL Cluster Manager Agent
mysql-cm-agent  1862/udp                # MySQL Cluster Manager Agent
mysql-im        2273/tcp                # MySQL Instance Manager
mysql-im        2273/udp                # MySQL Instance Manager
mysql-proxy     6446/tcp                # MySQL Proxy
mysql-proxy     6446/udp                # MySQL Proxy

获取临时root口令：

$ sudo grep 'temporary password' /var/log/mysqld.log
2024-07-26T09:43:53.618877Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: <T*jrhDpK5+k

接下来，如果希望安装示例Schema，可参考这里。
如果希望通过SQL Developer管理，可参考这里。