python爬虫（三）之虎嗅网汽车文章爬虫

闲来没事，闲鱼上有个好兄弟要我从虎嗅网上抓一些汽车文章的爬虫，于是大力出奇迹，我写了一个python程序，将这个网站上所有的汽车文章全部抓取下来了，存储到了本地的虎嗅.csv。

import requests
import json
import csv
from lxml import etree
import time
import random
from datetime import datetimeclass Huxiu:def __init__(self):self.article_list_pre_url = "https://api-article.huxiu.com/web/channel/articleList"self.article_list_post_url = "&pageSize=10&orderBy=createTime&order=DESC&isProfessional=true&userType=0"self.start_page = 1self.end_page = 1000self.article_list_headers = {'authority': 'api-article.huxiu.com','accept': 'application/json, text/plain, */*','accept-language': 'zh-CN,zh;q=0.9','content-type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded','cookie': 'Hm_lvt_502e601588875750790bbe57346e972b=1710422257; huxiu_analyzer_wcy_id=9wau9zilte4pu8mg6b7z; hx_object_visit_referer_1_2702514=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.huxiu.com%2Fchannel%2F21.html; Hm_lpvt_502e601588875750790bbe57346e972b=1710422520','origin': 'https://www.huxiu.com','referer': 'https://www.huxiu.com/','sec-ch-ua': '"Chromium";v="122", "Not(A:Brand";v="24", "Google Chrome";v="122"','sec-ch-ua-mobile': '?0','sec-ch-ua-platform': '"Windows"','sec-fetch-dest': 'empty','sec-fetch-mode': 'cors','sec-fetch-site': 'same-site','user-agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/122.0.0.0 Safari/537.36'}self.article_detail_headers = {'authority': 'www.huxiu.com','accept': 'text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.7','accept-language': 'zh-CN,zh;q=0.9','cache-control': 'max-age=0','cookie': 'Hm_lvt_502e601588875750790bbe57346e972b=1710422257; huxiu_analyzer_wcy_id=9wau9zilte4pu8mg6b7z; Hm_lpvt_502e601588875750790bbe57346e972b=1710422520','referer': 'https://www.huxiu.com/channel/21.html','sec-ch-ua': '"Chromium";v="122", "Not(A:Brand";v="24", "Google Chrome";v="122"','sec-ch-ua-mobile': '?0','sec-ch-ua-platform': '"Windows"','sec-fetch-dest': 'document','sec-fetch-mode': 'navigate','sec-fetch-site': 'same-origin','sec-fetch-user': '?1','upgrade-insecure-requests': '1','user-agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/122.0.0.0 Safari/537.36'}def post_request(self, url, headers, payload):response = requests.request("POST", url, headers=headers, data=payload)return response.textdef get_request(self, url, headers):response = requests.request("GET", url, headers=headers)return response.textdef do_work(self):with open('虎嗅.csv', 'w', newline='', encoding='utf-8-sig') as file:writer = csv.writer(file)csv_title = ["标题", "作者", "发布时间", "原文地址", "正文"]writer.writerow(csv_title)page_no = 1last_time = 1710425737# 最早的时间戳 1684505520while True:print("=====================> 当前第" + str(page_no) + "页 =======================")payload = 'platform=www&last_time=' + str(last_time) + '&channel_id=21'print(datetime.fromtimestamp(last_time).strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S'))text = self.post_request(self.article_list_pre_url, headers=self.article_list_headers, payload=payload)json_data = json.loads(text)data = json_data["data"]["datalist"]if len(data) <= 0:breakself.write_page(writer, data)last_time = int(json_data["data"]["last_time"])page_no += 1def write_page(self, writer, data):for item in data:# print(item["title"])# print(item["author"]["username"])# print(item["created_at"])# 获取文章详情内容# https://www.xchuxing.com/article/116378article_url = "https://www.huxiu.com/article/" + str(item["aid"]) + ".html"text = self.get_request(article_url, headers=self.article_detail_headers)html = etree.HTML(text)# //*[@id="nice"]/div/div[1]result = html.xpath('normalize-space(//*[@id="article-content"])')# time_struct = time.localtime(item["created_at"])# date = time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S", time_struct)row = [item["title"], item["user_info"]["username"], article_url, item["formatDate"], result]writer.writerow(row)# seconds = random.randint(1, 4)print("===========> 当前文章 " + article_url + " 写入完毕")# print("===========> 当前文章 " + article_url + " 写入完毕,等待" + str(seconds) + "秒继续")# time.sleep(seconds)if __name__ == '__main__':huxiu = Huxiu()huxiu.do_work()